au large de Marseille

large [laʀʒ]

1. adjective

   a. ( = grand) wide ; [lame, dos, visage, main, nez, front] broad ; [jupe] full ; [chemise] loose-fitting ; [pantalon] baggy

• large de 3 mètres 3 metres wide

• avec un large sourire with a broad smile

• ce veston est trop large this jacket is too big across the shoulders

• être large d'épaules to be broad-shouldered

• être large de hanches to have wide hips

   b. [pouvoirs, diffusion, extraits] extensive ; [choix, gamme] wide

• une large majorité a big majority

• destiné à un large public designed for a wide audience

• au sens large du terme in the broad sense of the term

   c. ( = généreux) generous

   d. ( = tolérant) il est large d'esprit

• il a les idées larges he's very broad-minded

2. adverb

• calculer large to allow a bit extra in one's calculations

• prends un peu plus d'argent, il vaut mieux prévoir large take a bit more money, it's better to allow a bit extra

3. masculine noun

   a. ( = largeur) une avenue de 8 mètres de large an avenue 8 metres wide

   b. ( = haute mer) le large the open sea

• le grand large the high seas

• gagner le large to reach the open sea

• au large de Calais off Calais

• prendre le large (inf) to clear off (inf)

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1) ( de grande dimension) [épaules, hanches, paumes] broad; [couloir, avenue, rivière, lit] wide; [sillon] broad; [manteau] loose-fitting; [pantalon] loose; [jupe, cape] full; [chandail] big; [geste, mouvement] sweeping; [sourire] broad; [courbe, détour] long

2) ( important) [avance, bénéfice] substantial; [choix, public] wide; [concertation, coalition] broad; [extrait, majorité] large

3) ( généreux) [personne] generous ( avec to)

4) ( ais é) [vie] comfortable

5) ( ouvert)

1) ( généreusement) [prévoir] on a generous scale; [calculer, mesurer] on the generous side

2)

nom masculin

1) ( largeur)

2) Nautisme open sea

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1. adj

1) (passage, boulevard, étendue, couverture, éventail) wide, (majorité) large, (épaules, visage, sourire) broad

2)

3) fig (= généreux) generous

2. adv

1) [voir, prévoir, calculer]

2)

3. nm

1) (= largeur)

2) (= mer)

3)

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large

A adj

1 ⇒ Les mesures de longueur ( de grande dimension) [front, épaules, hanches, paumes, nez] broad; [couloir, avenue, rivière, lit] wide; [sillon] broad; [manteau] loose-fitting; [pantalon] loose; [jupe, cape] full; [chandail] big; [geste, mouvement] sweeping; [sourire] broad; [courbe, détour] long; une caisse aussi large que haute a box as wide as it is high; faire de larges gestes des bras to make sweeping gestures with one's arms; former un large cercle to form a big circle; être large d'épaules/de hanches to have broad shoulders/hips; être large de trois mètres to be three metres^GB wide;

2 ( important) [avance, bénéfice] substantial; [choix, gamme, public] wide; [concertation, coalition] broad; [extrait, majorité] large; remporter une large victoire to win by a wide margin; dans une large mesure, pour une large part to a large extent; au sens large in a broad sense; prendre une large part dans qch to take a large part in sth; bénéficier d'un large soutien to have widespread support;

3 ( généreux) [personne] generous (avec to);

4 ( aisé) [vie] comfortable; mener une existence large to live very comfortably;

5 ( ouvert) avoir les idées larges, être large d'idées to be broad-minded, to be liberal; avoir l'esprit large, être large d'esprit to be broad-minded.

B adv

1 ( généreusement) [prévoir] on a generous scale; [calculer, mesurer] on the generous side; il vaut mieux prévoir large it's better to plan on a generous scale; et quand je dis dix je suis large○! and when I say ten I'm erring on the generous side!; trois kilos de spaghetti, tu as vu large○! three kilos of spaghetti, you don't believe in skimping, do you?;

2 Mode s'habiller large to wear loose-fitting clothes; un modèle qui chausse large a wide-fitting shoe.

C nm

1 ( largeur) faire quatre mètres de large to be four metres^GB wide; un ruban de deux centimètres de large a ribbon five centimetres^GB wide; être au large○ to have plenty of room;

2 Naut open sea; gagner le large to reach the open sea; au large offshore; au large de Marseille/des côtes bretonnes off Marseilles/the coast of Brittany; l'air/le vent du large the sea air/breeze; prendre le large Naut to sail; fig○ to make oneself scarce○; ⇒ grand.

ne pas en mener large○ to be worried stiff○.

[larʒ] adjectif

1. [grand - généralement] broad, wide ; [ - plaine] big, wide ; [ - rue] broad ; [ - tache] large

2. [ample - vêtement] big, baggy ; [ - chaussures] wide

3. [considérable] large

4. [généralementéral]

5. [généralementéreux] generous

6. [ouvert] open

7. [excessif]

ton estimation était un peu large your estimate was a bit wide of the mark

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[larʒ] nom masculin

1. [dimension] width

2. NAUTIQUE

il est temps de prendre le large (familier & figuré) it's time we beat it

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[larʒ] adverbe

voir large to think big

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en large locution adverbiale

widthways

savon [savɔ̃]

soap uncount ; ( = morceau) bar of soap

• il m'a passé un savon (inf) he gave me a real telling-off (inf)

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nom masculin

1) ( produit) soap

2) ( morceau) (bar of) soap

•

- savon de Marseille

- savon noir

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1) (= produit) soap

2) (= bloc) bar of soap

3) fig *

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savon nm

1 ( produit) soap; savon en paillettes soap flakes;

2 ( morceau) (bar of) soap; où est le savon? where is the soap?; un savon dermatologique a (cake of) dermatological soap.

savon à barbe shaving soap; savon liquide liquid soap; savon de Marseille household soap; savon noir soft soap.

passer un savon à qn○ to give sb a telling-off; se faire passer un savon○ to get a telling-off.

[savɔ̃] nom masculin

The soap industry has existed in Marseilles since the 16th century, and soap from Marseilles, usually sold in large square bricks, is renowned for its purity.

SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building

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The name of Le Corbusier is synonymous with the International style of modern architecture and city planning, one utilizing functionalist designs carried out in twentieth-century materials with modern methods of construction. Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, born in the watch-making town of La Chaux-de-Fonds in the Jura mountain region, was the son of a watch engraver and dial painter. In the years before 1918 he travelled widely, studying building in many countries. He learned about the use of reinforced concrete in the studio of Auguste Perret and about industrial construction under Peter Behrens. In 1917 he went to live in Paris and spent the rest of his life in France; in 1920 he adopted the name of Le Corbusier, one derived from that of his ancestors (Le Corbesier), and ten years later became a French citizen.

Le Corbusier's long working life spanned a career divided into three distinct parts. Between 1905 and 1916 he designed a number of simple and increasingly modern houses; the years 1921 to 1940 were ones of research and debate; and the twenty years from 1945 saw the blossoming of his genius. After 1917 Le Corbusier gained a reputation in Paris as an architect of advanced originality. He was particularly interested in low-cost housing and in improving accommodation for the poor. In 1923 he published Vers une architecture, in which he planned estates of mass-produced houses where all extraneous and unnecessary features were stripped away and the houses had flat roofs and plain walls: his concept of "a machine for living in". These white boxes were lifted up on stilts, his pilotis, and double-height living space was provided internally, enclosed by large areas of factory glazing. In 1922 Le Corbusier exhibited a city plan, La Ville contemporaine, in which tall blocks made from steel and concrete were set amongst large areas of parkland, replacing the older concept of city slums with the light and air of modern living. In 1925 he published Urbanisme, further developing his socialist ideals. These constituted a major reform of the industrial-city pattern, but the ideas were not taken up at that time. The Depression years of the 1930s severely curtailed architectural activity in France. Le Corbusier designed houses for the wealthy there, but most of his work prior to 1945 was overseas: his Centrosoyus Administration Building in Moscow (1929–36) and the Ministry of Education Building in Rio de Janeiro (1943) are examples. Immediately after the end of the Second World War Le Corbusier won international fame for his Unité d'habitation theme, the first example of which was built in the boulevard Michelet in Marseille in 1947–52. His answer to the problem of accommodating large numbers of people in a small space at low cost was to construct an immense all-purpose block of pre-cast concrete slabs carried on a row of massive central supports. The Marseille Unité contains 350 apartments in eight double storeys, with a storey for shops half-way up and communal facilities on the roof. In 1950 he published Le Modular, which described a system of measurement based upon the human male figure. From this was derived a relationship of human and mathematical proportions; this concept, together with the extensive use of various forms of concrete, was fundamental to Le Corbusier's later work. In the world-famous and highly personal Pilgrimage Church of Notre Dame du Haut at Ronchamp (1950–5), Le Corbusier's work was in Expressionist form, a plastic design in massive rough-cast concrete, its interior brilliantly designed and lit. His other equally famous, though less popular, ecclesiastical commission showed a contrasting theme, of "brutalist" concrete construction with uncompromisingly stark, rectangular forms. This is the Dominican Convent of Sainte Marie de la Tourette at Eveux-sur-l'Arbresle near Lyon, begun in 1956. The interior, in particular, is carefully worked out, and the lighting, from both natural and artificial sources, is indirect, angled in many directions to illuminate vistas and planes. All surfaces are carefully sloped, the angles meticulously calculated to give optimum visual effect. The crypt, below the raised choir, is painted in bright colours and lit from ceiling oculi.

One of Le Corbusier's late works, the Convent is a tour de force.

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avoir [avwaʀ]

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1. transitive verb

2. auxiliary verb

3. impersonal verb

4. masculine noun

5. plural masculine noun

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➭ TABLE 34

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► Lorsque avoir fait partie d'une locution comme avoir faim, avoir raison, reportez-vous à l'autre mot.

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1. <